A = B 时:A - B = -0 问题

由于 cmp 函数里没有判断 A = B 的情况,需增加 A = B 时返回 true 的情况。

size() 函数返回值为无符号整数 unsigned ,当 size() == 0 ,再减 1,会导致溢出,从而使数据变大。

例如:

int main()
{
	vector<int> arr;
	cout<<arr.size()<<endl;		// 输出  0
	cout<<arr.size() - 1<<endl;	// 输出  429496729
}

所以建议统一写 (signed)size() - 1 转化为有符号整数

高精度减法完整代码如下:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

bool cmp(vector<int> &A, vector<int> &B)
{
    if(A.size() != B.size()) return A.size() > B.size();
    
    for (int i = (signed)A.size() - 1; i >= 0; i -- )
        if (A[i] != B[i])
            return A[i] > B[i];
    
    return true; // A = B 时返回真
}

vector<int> sub(vector<int> &A, vector<int> &B)
{
    vector<int> C;
    
    for (int i = 0, t = 0; i < A.size(); i ++ )
    {
        t = A[i] - t;
        if (i < B.size()) t -= B[i];
        C.push_back((t + 10) % 10);
        if(t < 0) t = 1;
        else t = 0;
    }
    
    while (C.size() > 1 && C.back() == 0) C.pop_back(); // 去除前导0
    return C;
}


int main()
{
    string a, b;
    cin >> a >> b;
    vector<int> A, B;

    for (int i = (signed)a.size() - 1; i >= 0; i -- ) A.push_back(a[i] - '0');
    for (int i = (signed)b.size() - 1; i >= 0; i -- ) B.push_back(b[i] - '0');
    
    vector<int> C;
    
    if(cmp(A, B)) C = sub(A, B);
    else C = sub(B, A), cout << '-';
    
    for (int i = (signed)C.size() - 1; i >= 0; i -- ) cout << C[i];
    cout << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

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